Renal Stone (गुर्दे की पथरी)

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What Are Kidney Stones?

Renal stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys, causing intense pain and discomfort as they travel through the urinary tract. They are a common condition that affects millions worldwide, often requiring prompt medical attention.

Understanding the Different Types of Kidney Stones:

  • Calcium Stones:  The most common type, often linked to high calcium intake or oxalates in food.
  • Uric Acid Stones: Common in people who eat high-protein diets or have gout.
  • Struvite Stones: Resulting from infections, these can grow rapidly.
  • Cystine Stones: Rare and hereditary, caused by excessive cystine in urine.

Symptoms You Might Experience:

  • Sharp, cramping pain in the back, abdomen, or groin.
  • Blood in urine, giving it a pink, red, or brown tint.
  • Frequent urination or an urgent need to urinate.
  • Nausea, vomiting, or chills if an infection is present.

Why Do Kidney Stones Form?

  • Insufficient water intake leading to concentrated urine.
  • Diets high in salt, sugar, or protein.
  • Genetic predisposition or family history.
  • Underlying medical conditions like hyperparathyroidism.

Treatment Approaches for Kidney Stones:

  • Conservative Management: Pain relievers and medications to pass smaller stones naturally.
  • Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL): Breaking stones into smaller fragments using sound waves. 
  • Ureteroscopy: Using a thin scope to remove or break stones. 
  • Surgical Solutions: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large or complex stones.

How to Prevent Kidney Stones:

  • Stay hydrated by drinking at least 8-10 glasses of water daily.
  • Limit sodium, sugar, and animal protein in your diet.
  • Incorporate foods rich in calcium, but balance oxalate-rich foods like spinach.
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